The experts believe that the Teide volcanic structure and its immediate surroundings were created by a great cataclysm. Some 180,000 years ago, a great mass of volcanic material (some say measuring over 4,000 metres in height) landed on the area that is today known as the Valle de La Orotava. This formed the cirque of Las Cañadas and provoked a sequence of intense activity that culminated in the creation of the volcano that we see today. The result of such extreme tectonic movement can be appreciated in the form of outflows, extensive areas covered in volcanic ashes, a number of cone-shaped structures and the highest mountain in Spain. In short, an incredible spectacle of varying forms and colours.

Given the result of such intense activity, that is not yet over, it is hardly surprising that, according to the religious beliefs of the Guanches (the original inhabitants of Tenerife), Teide was home to the Guayota (the devil). The area was deemed an inhospitable and fearful place but, despite this belief, abundant remains of the island's former inhabitants have been found scattered throughout the park. The landscape seems to confirm this superstition, offering a sublime display of the destructive and creative power emerging from the very depths of the Earth. Outflows, volcanic bombs of several metres in height and endless fields of pumice stone of all colours and sizes make up a tapestry of breathtaking beauty.

It is the endless variety of subtle shades that make this landscape so unique and such a joy to behold. Thanks to a comprehensive network of viewing points with information given in several languages, as well as clearly marked visitor centres and well signposted points of interest and walking trails, it is easy to negotiate the park, leaving the visitor free to enjoy the sights and capture them on film.

Another strong point of the National Park is its easy access. It is possible to enjoy a large part of the scenery without leaving your vehicle. In addition, there is an extensive network of trails that enable the visitor to discover the secrets of Tenerife's lofty mountain. The park has something for everyone. The less adventurous can enjoy the main attractions from their vehicles, while the more daring can choose from a range of simple to more demanding trails and routes. Whichever the case, in this high mountainous area, it is recommendable to exercise a little caution as in winter, and for much of the spring, snowfall is likely and sudden climatic changes are common so it is best to be prepared, particularly when undertaking the more demanding treks.

Considering the extremity of the landscape, it is unsurprising that the inhabitants of the Teide National Park are well equipped to face the most adverse conditions. Despite the height, the scant humidity and the extreme climate, Teide provides a permanent home for a great number of vegetable and animal species, as well as an occasional or seasonal resting place for many others that go up to the peaks to feed. With regard to the flora, the Retama del Teide, a stocky and robust shrub that can measure two metres across, is a prominent feature and covers a large part of the park's surface. The fauna is also rich and varied. The invertebrates are by far the most numerous and over 700 species have been recorded. Vertebrates include an abundance of lizards, among which the Lagarto Tizón is king, and there are also a great number of birds including the pied wagtail, the great grey shrike and the kestrel.  

The Teide National Park has also been very important in the development of human communities in Tenerife. These rocks, erupting from the earth, have played an essential role in sustaining the island people for millenniums, and although the uses may have changed, the area has long been a significant economic resource. These days its main economic value is as a tourist attraction but in the past it was used as a communal pasture area where the different tribal groups of Guanches feed their livestock during the summer months. The importance of Las Cañadas for the ancient inhabitants of Tenerife is indicated by the numerous archaeological remains that have been uncovered. As well as being used for gazing of livestock, Teide also offered primary materials (obsidian). In addition, despite the presence of Guayota (the Guanche demon), it also provided a site for spiritual nourishment and several caves that were used for burial by the Guanches have been found.  

Essential sights

Alto de Izaña.- Located in the pre-park area, (on the crossroad signposted on the TF24 from Santa Cruz-La Laguna), the Izaña Height is both an important scientific site and an excellent viewing point. This is a perfect spot from which to admire the omnipresent volcano, as well as the eastern side of Tenerife and the island of Gran Canaria. In addition, Izaña is also home to an important scientific centre which is equipped with several telescopes that belong to the Instituto Astrofísico de Canarias (the Canarian Astrophysical Institute), one of the world's major space research centres.

Rosa del Teide.- This unique geological formation, situated 22.4 kilometres along the TF21 (direction La Orotava-Teide) is another example of nature's creative talents, something which has always been in generous supply in Tenerife. This unusual stone rose, situated in the middle of a pine forest, is formed by geometrical blocks of basalt. There is also a small viewing point here which offers excellent views of this natural curiosity.

Roques de García.- After the volcano itself, these rocks are the main identifying symbols of the Teide National Park. Situated at 46.2 kilometres along the TF21, these upright lava towers, which have largely resisted the forces of the erosion, are one of the most well-known symbols on the island of Tenerife. These unusual formations, forming a line which divides Las Cañadas in two, were formed when the magma flowed into fissures in the ground formed by softer materials. The later erosion was responsible for their natural and random formation.

Llanos de Ucanca.- The Ucanca viewpoint (TF 21 km. 44) offers the park's best panoramic view of Teide and the Pico Viejo. Without leaving the road, it is possible to see one of the most spectacular views of the National Park. An extensive plain is brusquely interpreted by the first inclines of the mountain that climbs up to its majestic height of 3,718 metres. At certain times of the year, when the ice melts, this area holds a large part of the water that flows down the southeast side of the volcano converting Ucanca into a temporary lake. The reflection of the great mountain in the water is truly spectacular.

Bajada de Chío.- If there is time, it is recommendable to leave the park on the TF38 in the direction of Chío. This road offers clearer views than other access routes of the progressive colonisation of areas of the Pino Canario through more recent volcanic activity, as well as providing an insight into the traditional agricultural practices in the southern Tenerife area. On clear days a marvellous view of the island of La Gomera can be seen.